General rule of thumb for beginner players:
You should develop pieces to challenge the center 4 squares! Try to avoid moving the same piece multiple times.
You want as many pieces out there and overwhelm your opponent.
Understand where pieces are most effectively positioned!
Rooks belong on open files or half open files
Rooks are very strong pieces that can quickly move across the board!
Bishops: Open vs Closed Positions
Bishops have more mobility in open positions.
Knights: Open vs Closed Positions
Knights have an advantage over bishops in closed positions since they can jump over pieces.
Pawn
Use your pawns to gain space!
The Giuoco Piano (Italian: "Quiet Game"), is a branch of the Italian Game and a chess opening that starts with:
1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 Nc6
3.Bc4 Bc5